Maria João de Castro Soares Publicou 52 artigos em revistas especializadas, possui 2 capítulos de livros publicados. Nas suas actividades profissionais interagiu com 61 colaboradores em co-autorias de trabalhos científicos.
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Nome completo Full name	Maria João de Castro Soares
Nome em citações bibliográficas Quoting name	Soares, Maria João de Castro

Sexo Gender

Feminino»Female

Capítulos de livros publicados Published book chapters

1.	Azevedo, M.H.; Valente, J.; Soares, M.J.; Pereira, A.T.; Macedo, A.. 2012. Esquizofrenia.  In Neurociências, ed. Cristina Rego, Catarina Resende, Carlos Duarte, 0 - 0. . Portugal: Lidel. Informações provisórias. Livro em impressão.

2.	Pereira, A.T.; Bos, S.C.; Marques, M.; Maia, B.; Soares, M.J.; Valente, J.; Gomes, A.A.; Macedo, A.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2012. Postpartum Depression Screening Scale.  In Avaliação psicológica: Instrumentos validados para a população portuguesa, ed. M. M. Gonçalves, M. R. Simões, L. S. Almeida & C. Machado , 0 - 0. . Portugal: Lidel-?. Informações provisórias. Livro em impressão. .

Artigos em revistas sem arbitragem científica Papers in periodics without scientific refereeing

1.	Soares, M.J.; Macedo, A.; Bos, S.C.; Maia, B.; Marques, M.; Pereira, A.T.; Gomes, A.A.; Valente, J.; Nogueira, V.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2011. "Sleep Disturbances, Body Mass Index and Eating Behaviour in Undergraduate Students", Journal of Sleep Research 20, 3: 479 - 486. Summary: This study investigates the association between sleep disturbances, body mass index (BMI) and eating behaviour in a sample of undergraduate students. The sample comprises 870 medicine and dentistry students from Coimbra University (62.5% females), aged between 17 and 25 years. The Eating Attitudes Test-40 was used to measure eating behaviour, and two questions were applied addressing difficulties of initiating sleep (DIS) and difficulties of maintaining sleep (DMS). A sleep disturbance index (SDI) was calculated from the sum of DIS and DMS scores. Body mass index (BMI) was determined from self-reported weight and height. The correlation analyses generally indicated that global eating disturbance, bulimic behaviour dimension and social pressure to eat were associated particularly with sleep difficulties. An association between diet concerns and sleep difficulties was less consistent. Regression analyses showed that bulimic behaviour (BB) and social pressure to eat (SPE) dimensions were associated significantly with sleep difficulties (DIS, DMS, SDI) in the total sample (BB: from P < 0.01 to P < 0.001; SPE: P < 0.05) and in males (BB: from P < 0.05 to P < 0.001; SPE: P < 0.05) and with insomnia symptoms (P < 0.01). In females, bulimic behaviour was the only factor associated significantly with sleep difficulties (SDI, DIS; P < 0.01) and with insomnia symptoms (P < 0.05). Although BMI was correlated negatively with sleep difficulties (P < 0.05), regression analyses indicated that it was not associated significantly with them. Our findings support an association between eating behaviour and sleep disturbances in both genders, which may have treatment implications.

2.	Macedo, A.; Marques, M.; Bos, S.C.; Maia, B.; Pereira, A.T.; Soares, M.J.; Valente, J.; Gomes, A.A.; Nogueira, V.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2011. "Mother's personality and infant temperament", Infant Behavior and Development 34, 4: 552 - 568. Abstract We examined if perfectionism and the perception of being an anxious person were associated with more negative infant temperament ratings by the mothers. 386 women (mean age=30.08; standard deviation=4.21) in their last trimester of pregnancy completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and an item about their perception of being or not an anxious person. The Portuguese version of the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies and the Operational Criteria Checklist for Psychotic Illness were used to generate diagnoses according to DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria. After delivery, women completed eight items of the Difficult Infant Temperament Questionnaire (developed by our team) and filled in, again, the BDI-II and were interviewed with the DIGS. Women with depression (DSM-IV/ICD-10) and probable cases of depression using different cut-offs adjusted to Portuguese prevalence (BDI-II), in pregnancy and postpartum, were excluded. The Difficult Infant Temperament Questionnaire showed to have factorial validity and internal consistency. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between perfectionism total scale score and item 6 from the temperament scale ("is your baby irritable or fussy?"). Considering MPS 3-factor solution found for pregnancy there was also a statistically significant negative correlation between SOP and the same item. Women with low SOP differed from those with medium and high SOP in the total temperament score. Moreover, the low SOP group differed from the medium group on items three and four scores. There were no significant associations with SPP, which is the dimension more closely associated with negative outcomes. There was an association between anxiety trait status (having it or not) and scoring low, medium or high in the infant temperament scale. The proportion of anxious vs. non-anxious women presenting a high score on the infant temperament scale was higher (24.2% vs. 1.

3.	Maia, B.; Soares, M.J.; Pereira, A.T.; Marques, M.; Bos, S.C.; Gomes, A.A.; Valente, J.; Azevedo, M.H.; Macedo, A.. 2011. "Affective State Dependence and Relative Trait Stability of Perfectionism in Sleep Disturbances", Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 33, 3: 252 - 260. Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of absolute change, relative stability and state dependence of trait perfectionism in sleep disturbances in a sample of university students. METHOD: Participants completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and two items concerning sleep difficulties. The mean age at T0 (baseline) was 19.59 years (SD = 1.61, range = 17-25) and 62.5% of the sample were female. RESULTS: Absolute changes in self-oriented and socially-prescribed perfectionism were found. Relative stability was found for all perfectionism dimensions. Prior and concurrent sleep disturbances explained a significant amount of variance in perfectionism. Controlling for the effects of sleep measures, prior self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism were the only significant predictors of subsequent self-oriented perfectionism and other-oriented perfectionism, at T1 and T2. Difficulties falling asleep at T1 and socially-prescribed perfectionism at T0 were significant predictors of socially-prescribed perfectionism at T1. CONCLUSION: Despite significant changes in perfectionism mean scores over the follow-up, the correlation analyses demonstrated that participants remained quite stable in regard to their relative levels of perfectionism. As concurrent difficulties initiating sleep also predicted concurrent socially-prescribed perfectionism, this seems to be one dimension of perfectionism with trait-state characteristic.

4.	Marques, M.; Bos, S.C.; Soares, M.J.; Maia, B.; Pereira, A.T.; Valente, J.; Gomes, A.A.; Macedo, A.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2011. "Is Insomnia in Late Pregnancy a Risk Factor for Postpartum Depression/Depressive Symptomatology?", Psychiatry Research 186, 2-3: 272 - 280. Abstract The aim of the present work was to investigate if insomnia in late pregnancy is a risk factor for postpartum depressive symptomatology/postpartum depression (PPD). 581 women in their last trimester of pregnancy answered questions/questionnaires about lifetime history of insomnia, current sleep perception, current mood and depressive symptomatology. They were interviewed with the Portuguese version of the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. After delivery 382 (65.7%) mothers participated again in the study. Insomnia in pregnancy was not a risk factor for PPD (DSM-IV or ICD-10) but was a significant predictor of postpartum depressive symptomatology. Negative Affect (NA) was a significant predictor of postpartum depressive symptomatology. Women with higher NA were 4.6 (CI95% = 1.69–12.74) and 5.3 times (CI95% = 2.26–12.58) more likely of experiencing PPD (DSM-IV/ICD-10, respectively) than women with lower NA. Lifetime Depression was a significant predictor of postpartum depressive symptomatology and ICD-10/PPD (OR = 2.6; CI95% = 1.16–4.38). Positive Affect (PA) showed to be a protective factor for postpartum depressive symptomatology and DSM-IV/PPD (OR = 1.5; CI95% = 1.20–2.33). Controlling NA, PA and Lifetime Depression, insomnia lost its predictive role, suggesting these variables might work as mediators. Associations between insomnia, NA, PA and Lifetime Depression should be assessed in pregnancy. This might help to preventively target NA, enhance PA and reduce the likelihood of experiencing postpartum depressive symptomatology.

5.	Nogueira, V.; Bos, S.C.; Valente, J.; Soares, M.J.; Pereira, A.T.; Marques, M.; Maia, B.; Macedo, A.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2011. "Comportamento Suicidário Na Esquizofrenia", Psiquiatria Clínica 32, 1: 17 - 27.

6.	Pereira, A.T.; Soares, M.J.; Marques, M.; Maia, B.; Bos, S.C.; Valente, J.; Nogueira, V.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2011. "Teste de Atitudes Alimentares 25 Validade para o rastreio das Perturbação do Comportamento Alimentar", Psiquiatria Clínica 32, 2: 89 - 104.

7.	Azevedo, M.H.; Bos, S.C.; Soares, M.J.; Marques, M.; Pereira, A.T.; Maia, B.; Gomes, A.A.; Macedo, A.. 2010. "Longitudinal Study on Perfectionism and Sleep Disturbance", World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 11, 2_2: 476 - 485. Abstract Aim: To examine if perfectionism predicts self-reported sleep disturbances over time. Methods: The Hewitt–Flett Perfectionism Scale was used to assess self-oriented, socially-prescribed (SPP) and other-oriented perfectionism. Sleep disturbance was evaluated with two items: difficulty in falling asleep and waking up many times during the night. Out of 870 students who participated at baseline, 592 and 305 completed the same measures 1 year (T1) and 2 years later (T2), respectively. Results: Subjects who reported insomnia at baseline, T1 and T2 (persistent insomnia) had significantly higher scores of baseline SPP (T1 M = 51.5, SD = 15.8; T2 M = 55.0, SD = 19.0) than subjects reporting, in all stages of the study, never/rarely having had sleep problems (T1 M = 41.9, SD = 11.4; T2 M = 42.2, SD = 12.3, P<0.001 in both cases). Regression analyses showed that baseline SPP was the only significant positive predictor of difficulties in falling asleep at T1 and T2 (T1 partial R=0.187; T2 partial R=0.196, P<0.001) and of difficulties maintaining sleep (T1 partial R=0.116; T2 partial R=0.244, P<0.001). Conclusion: SPP was found to be the most reliable predictor of sleep disturbances over time, which constitutes a new important finding.

8.	Bento, C.; Pereira, A.T.; Maia, B.; Marques, M.; Soares, M.J.; Bos, S.C.; Valente, J.; Gomes, A.A.; Azevedo, M.H.; Macedo, A.. 2010. "Perfectionism and Eating Behaviour in Portuguese Adolescents", European Eating Disorders Review 18, 4: 328 - 337. Abstract Objectives: The main objective was to investigate the association between perfectionism and eating behaviour in a non-clinical sample of adolescents of both genders. Method: 997 middle and high school students completed the Portuguese versions of the child-adolescent perfectionism scale (CAPS) and of the eating attitudes test -25 (EAT- 25). Results: In both genders, the perfectionism total score and the sociallyprescribed perfectionism (SPP) score were positive and significantly correlated with the EAT total score and with all EAT dimensions: Drive for Thinness (DT). Bulimic Related Behaviour (BRB), Social Pressure to Eat (SPE). In girls, self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) was also associated with the EAT total score and its dimensions, whereas in boys it was only associated with EAT total score and DT. In both genders SPP was a useful predictor of the EAT-25 total score and of all its dimensions. In which respects SOP, there were some gender differences showing that in boys this dimension should not be considered a predictor of eating behaviours. Conclusion: These results confirm that high levels of perfectionism (SOP and SPP) are associated with abnormal eating behaviour in both genders.

9.	Pereira, A.T.; Bos, S.C.; Marques, M.; Maia, B.; Soares, M.J.; Valente, J.; Gomes, A.A.; Macedo, A.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2010. "The Portuguese Version of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale", Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 31, 2: 90 - 100. Abstract The purpose of the study was to analyse for the first time the validity of a slightly modified version of the Portuguese Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS), to be used as a screening instrument for antenatal depression. Specifically, the aims were to analyse its psychometric properties, to determine PDSS cutoff points and associated conditional probabilities to screen for depression according to DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria and to compare its screening performance with that of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Five hundred and three pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy completed both questionnaires and were interviewed face-to-face with the Portuguese version of the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. The Portuguese version of the Operational Criteria Checklist for Psychotic Illness was used to obtain DSM-IV and ICD-10 diagnoses of depression, our gold standards for caseness. PDSS reliability and validity were very good and comparable to those obtained in the postpartum validation studies developed in Portugal and in other countries, showing satisfactory sensitivity and specificity combinations (¿80%). Compared with BDI-II, it has the advantage of being more specific for the motherhood context. Although developed for postpartum depression, PDSS is accurate to screen for antenatal depression, and it could be very useful for clinical and epidemiologic purposes.

10.	Pereira, A.T.; Bos, S.C.; Marques, M.; Maia, B.; Soares, M.J.; Valente, J.; Gomes, A.A.; Macedo, A.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2010. "The Postpartum Depression Screening Scale: Is it Valid to Screen for Antenatal Depression?", Archives of Women's Mental Health 14, 3: 227 - 238. Abstract: The purpose of the study was to analyse for the first time the validity of a slightly modified version of the Portuguese Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS), to be used as a screening instrument for antenatal depression. Specifically, the aims were to analyse its psychometric properties, to determine PDSS cutoff points and associated conditional probabilities to screen for depression according to DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria and to compare its screening performance with that of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Five hundred and three pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy completed both questionnaires and were interviewed face-to-face with the Portuguese version of the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. The Portuguese version of the Operational Criteria Checklist for Psychotic Illness was used to obtain DSM-IV and ICD-10 diagnoses of depression, our gold standards for caseness. PDSS reliability and validity were very good and comparable to those obtained in the postpartum validation studies developed in Portugal and in other countries, showing satisfactory sensitivity and specificity combinations (¿80%). Compared with BDI-II, it has the advantage of being more specific for the motherhood context. Although developed for postpartum depression, PDSS is accurate to screen for antenatal depression, and it could be very useful for clinical and epidemiologic purposes.

11.	Bos, S.C.; Gomes, A.A.; Clemente, V.; Marques, M.; Pereira, A.T.; Maia, B.; Soares, M.J.; Cabral, A.S.; Macedo, A.; Gozal, D.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2009. "Sleep and Behavioral/Emotional Problems in Children: A Population-Based Study", Sleep Medicine 10, 1: 66 - 74. Abstract Background: The potential relationships between sleep–wake behaviors and emotional/disruptive problems in otherwise healthy school-aged children are unclear. Methods: A parental questionnaire was developed for the epidemiologic survey of children’s sleep and wake behavioral patterns. The questions covered a wide range of features including sleep length (school days, weekends), time to fall asleep, night awakenings, bedtime and nighttime sleep-related behaviors, daytime sleepiness, irritability, and tiredness. To assess psychiatric symptomatology, the Rutter Scale B2 was completed by teachers. In addition to the total score, sub-scores of emotional, hyperactivity, and conduct problems were obtained. The representative population sample comprised 779 children (403 girls), with an age range of 6–11 years. Results: Hyperactivity and conduct problems at school in boys were both associated with parental reports of bedtime resistance. Hyperactivity was also associated with longer sleep duration during weekends. Conduct and emotional problems in girls were associated with earlier bedtime during school days. Emotional problems in girls were also associated with longer sleep durations in school days and weekends. Conclusion: Bedtime resistance was the only sleep behavior associated with either hyperactivity or conduct problems in children, and longer sleep durations appear to occur more frequently in children with both hyperactive or emotional problems. Information about good sleep hygiene at bedtime may help parents setting sleep limits.

12.	Bos, S.C.; Pereira, A.T.; Marques, M.; Maia, B.; Soares, M.J.; Valente, J.; Gomes, A.A.; Macedo, A.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2009. "The BDI-II Factor Structure in Pregnancy and Postpartum: Two or Three Factors?", European Psychiatry 24, 5: 334 - 340. Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factor structure of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) in pregnancy and postpartum. Women were asked to fill in the BDI-II in their last trimester of pregnancy and at 3 months after delivery. A total of 331 pregnant women, with a mean age of 29.7 years (SD=4.6), and 354 mothers, aged 30.6 years (SD=4.6 years), answered the BDI-II. The first group was mainly nulliparas (65.6%) and the second group was mostly primiparas (57.4%). Factor analyses with principal components solution and varimax rotation were performed. Based on the scree test of Cattell a 2-factor solution and a 3-factor solution were explored. The 2-factor solution was identical in pregnancy and postpartum. Items loading in the Cognitive-Affective factor and in the Somatic-Anxiety factor were almost the same, though the Cognitive-Affective factor explained more of the BDI-II total variance in pregnancy, whereas in postpartum both factors explained similar total variances. The 3-factor solution of the BDI-II in pregnancy and postpartum slightly diverged. Besides the Cognitive-Affective and the Somatic-Anxiety factors, a third factor, Fatigue, was obtained in pregnancy while Guilt was the third factor identified in postpartum. This study reveals that the BDI-II 3-factor solution might be more appropriate to assess depressive symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum.

13.	Soares, M.J.; Macedo, A.; Bos, S.C.; Marques, M.; Maia, B.; Pereira, A.T.; Gomes, A.A.; Valente, J.; Pato, M.T.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2009. "Perfectionism and Eating Attitudes in Portuguese Students: A Longitudinal Study", European Eating Disorders Review 17, 5: 390 - 398. Abstract AIM: To investigate the role of perfectionism in the development of disordered eating behaviours. METHOD: 382 female university students completed the Hewitt & Flett MPS and the EAT-40 at baseline, and 1 year after (T1) and 206 2 years later (T2). RESULTS: Perfectionism at baseline was significantly associated with long-term abnormal eating attitudes/behaviours. Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP) and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) were significant predictors of disordered eating behaviours. Regression analysis revealed that SOP at baseline was predictive of Diet Concerns and overall eating disturbance (EAT total score), at T1 and T2. SPP was a significant predictor of Social Pressure to Eat at T1 and T2 and of Bulimic Behaviours only at T1. CONCLUSION: Our findings contribute to a more clear understanding of the association between perfectionism and eating disorders. SOP and SPP were prospectively associated with abnormal eating attitudes/behaviours and SOP was found to be predictive of diet concerns and overall eating disturbance.

14.	Macedo, A.; Bos, S.C.; Marques, M.; Maia, B.; Soares, M.J.; Pereira, A.T.; Gomes, A.A.; Valente, J.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2009. "Perfectionism Dimensions in Pregnancy—A Study in Portuguese Women", Archives of Women's Mental Health 12, 1: 43 - 52. Abstract Pregnancy is essentially a physiological event, but neuroendocrinal and psychosocial changes are also important components of this experience. In this context, perceived stress may be enhanced by the activation of certain personality traits, like perfectionism, which in turn may be associated with more psychological distress (PD). The aim of this study was to investigate if perfectionism could be associated with more negative emotional outcomes (PD) in the transition to motherhood and to look at which of the perfectionism dimensions these consequences are specifically linked. The sample comprises 421 pregnant women (mean = 29.8, SD = 4.48 years) who completed measures of perfectionism and mood symptoms. A two-factor model with self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) dimensions and a three-factor model with SOP, SPP-others' high standards and SPP-conditional acceptance (CA) factors were explored. Correlations and linear regressions were calculated between perfectionism factors and mood variables. Results showed that higher levels of SPP factors were associated with increased anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion, with decreased vigour and with more severe depressive symptoms. Our results, in contrast with those from the study of Campbell and DiPaula (2002, In: Flett G, Hewitt P (eds) Perfectionism. Theory, research, and practice. American Psychological Association, Washington, pp 181-198), did not confirm a preferential association between SPP-CA and PD, revealing that both components of SPP were associated with PD.

15.	Azevedo, M.H.; Soares, M.J.; Bos, S.C.; Gomes, A.A.; Maia, B.; Marques, M.; Pereira, A.T.; Macedo, A.. 2009. "Perfectionism and Sleep Disturbance", World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 10, 3: 225 - 233. Abstract The main purpose of the present research was to explore gender-related associations between sleep disturbance and perfectionism dimensions in a large sample of undergraduate students. Perfectionism dimensions have been assessed using the Portuguese version of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Hewitt and Flett, 1991, J Pers Soc Psychol 60:456; Soares et al., 2003, Rev Port Psicossom 5:46) and sleep disturbance with two items concerning difficulties initiating sleep and difficulties maintaining sleep. A total of 1163 undergraduate students of both genders between 17 and 25 years of age completed the scale. Results from correlational and categorial analyses indicated that socially prescribed perfectionism was the only dimension associated with sleep disturbance in undergraduate students of both genders. Males with the highest levels of socially prescribed perfectionism were approximately twice more likely to report sleep disturbances than those with less socially prescribed perfectionism. Similar results were found within the female sample. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.

16.	Pereira, A.T.; Maia, B.; Marques, M.; Bos, S.C.; Soares, M.J.; Macedo, A.; Azevedo, M.H.; Gomes, A.A.. 2009. "Reply to the comment on "Factor structure of the Rutter Teacher Questionnaire in Portuguese Children"", Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 31, 3: 284 - 285. Dear Editor, We greatly appreciate the interest expressed by Érico Moura and Simone Hauck in our paper, which is entitled "Factor structure of the Rutter Teacher Questionnaire in Portuguese children". The aim of this study was to explore the Rutter Scale B2 factorial structure in a large sample of Portuguese children. As previously acknowledged by commentators, it is crucial that upon its adaptation to another culture, the factorial structure be reviewed. Indeed, this is one of the recommended methods to investigate its construct validity.1 This being the case, it is not entirely surprising that, when comparing the Portuguese RB2 factor structure against both the original Rutter subscales2 and other factor structures, (e.g.3,4), some differences can be observed. Although the total percentage of variance seen (38.8%) was not high, the fact that the first factor (hyperactivity/conduct) explained approximately half of the total percentage, and that the double of that explained by the second factor (anxious/depressive, 9.48%) is common and expected.1 Moreover, if it can be argued that the use of a screen test based on the Cattell criteria to extract the number of factors results in a certain level of subjectivity, then the decision made was to first submit it to an inter-rater reliability test. All researchers i.e., 5 psychologists and 4 psychiatrists with clinical experience in child psychiatry among other specialties agreed on a three-factor structure. After analysing the items' content, all five considered this to be a clinically significant solution. We believe that the comprehensibility of factors is an important aspect in their selection. As pointed out in the discussion, please note that the factorial structure obtained does reflect the hyperkinetic conduct disorder as described in ICD-10,5 which empirically validates both the classification and the factorial structure. While being aware that it is unlikely that the fundamental dimensions of (...).

17.	Maia, B.; Soares, M.J.; Gomes, A.A.; Marques, M.; Pereira, A.T.; Cabral, A.S.; Valente, J.; Bos, S.C.; Pato, M.T.; Pocinho, F.; Azevedo, M.H.; Macedo, A.. 2009. "Perfectionism in Obsessive-Compulsive and Eating Disorders", Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 31, 4: 322 - 327. Abstract Objective: The main aims of this article are twofold. First, to assess perfectionism dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders in comparison with psychiatric control (depression/anxiety) and non-clinical control groups. Second, to examine if perfectionism is specifically related to these different clinical conditions. Method: Thirty-nine outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, 24 outpatients with eating disorders, 65 outpatients with a diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety, and 70 non-clinical participants completed the Portuguese version of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Results: Compared to non-clinical subjects, individuals of all clinical samples had significantly higher scores on Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale total score, Self-Oriented and Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism. There were no significantly differences in Self-Oriented Perfectionism and Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale total score in all the three clinical samples. Subjects from the eating disorders sample had significantly higher scores of Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism in comparison to obsessive-compulsive disorder and psychiatric control samples. Conclusion: Perfectionism showed to be related with this broad range of psychopathologies. However, the differences between eating disorders versus obsessive-compulsive disorder and psychiatric control on Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism warrant further investigation in order to clarify the specificity of this perfectionism dimension in eating disorders.

18.	Gomes, A.A.; Cabral, A.S.; Marques, M.; Pereira, A.T.; Maia, B.; Soares, M.J.; Valente, J.; Macedo, A.; Clemente, V.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2009. "Teacher Reports of Emotional and Disruptive Behaviours in Portuguese Children", European Psychiatry 24, 1: 791 - 791. Abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of emotional and disruptive behaviours and the rates of hyperactivity, conduct and emotional problems in school-aged children. The Rutter Children’s Behaviour Questionnaire for completion by teachers was used to assess psychiatric symptoms. A total deviance score is derived from the sum of scores for the individual items (n= 26). An emotional sub-score can be obtained from the sum of scores of four items (worried, miserable, fearful, tears on arrival at school), a conduct sub-score obtained from the sum of scores of six items (destructive, fights, disobedient, lies, steals, bullies) and a hyperactivity sub-score obtained from the sum of scores of three items (restless/overactive, poor concentration, fidgety/squirmy). The sample comprised 877 children (446 girls) with an age range between 6 and 11 years. Compared to girls, boys showed a significantly higher frequency of restless/overactive (15.8% vs. 5.8%), fidgety/squirmy (9.3% vs. 3.6%), fights (6.3% vs. 2.2%), disobedient (6.0% vs. 2.7%), bullies (5.3% vs. 2.0%) and irritable (5.1% vs. 1.8%) behaviours. Rates of conduct and hyperactivity behavioural problems were also significantly more frequent in boys than in girls (conduct problems: 17.9% vs. 8.1%; hyperactivity problems: 20.4% vs. 9.6%). The high rates of disruptive behaviours and problems in boys are in accordance with the literature.

19.	Marques, M.; Macedo, A.; Soares, M.J.; Maia, B.; Pereira, A.T.; Bos, S.C.; Gomes, A.A.; Valente, J.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2009. "O Premedical Syndrome: Será que Existe em Portugal?", Acta Médica Portuguesa 6, 22: 789 - 796.

20.	Ruano, D.; Aulchenko, Y.S.; Macedo, A.; Soares, M.J.; Valente, J.; Azevedo, M.H.; Hutz, M.H.; Gama, C.S.; Lobato, M.I.; Belmonte-de-Abreu, P.; Goodman, A.B.; Pato, C.N.; Heutink, P.; Palha, J.A.. 2008. "Association of the Gene Encoding Neurogranin with Schizophrenia in Males", Journal of Psychiatric Research 42, 2: 125 - 133. Abstract The neurogranin (NRGN) gene produces a postsynaptic brain-specific protein that regulates calmodulin-Ca2+ availability in neurons. Acting downstream of the NMDA receptor and upstream of calcineurin and other proteins implicated in schizophrenia, NRGN is a good candidate for association studies in schizophrenia. NRGN expression is regulated during development and is modulated by thyroid hormones and retinoids, molecules essential for the proper development of the central nervous system. Given the genetic complexity of schizophrenia and the potential genetic heterogeneity in different populations, we studied a possible association of NRGN with schizophrenia in 73 Azorean proband-parent triads and in two independent case-control samples from the Portuguese-mainland (244 schizophrenic and 210 controls) and Brazil (69 schizophrenic and 85 mentally healthy individuals). Genotype distribution showed association of the rs7113041 SNP with schizophrenia in males of Portuguese origin, which was confirmed by the analysis of the proband-parent triads. This evidence, implicating NRGN in schizophrenia, introduces another player into the glutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia.

21.	Pereira, A.T.; Maia, B.; Marques, M.; Bos, S.C.; Soares, M.J.; Gomes, A.A.; Macedo, A.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2008. "Factor Structure of the Rutter Teacher Questionnaire in Portuguese Children", Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 30, 4: 322 - 327. OBJETIVO: Analisar a estrutura fatorial do Questionário de Rutter para Professores numa amostra de crianças portuguesas do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. MÉTODO: O questionário, constituído por 26 itens que avaliam problemas do comportamento, foi preenchido pelos professores de 877 crianças (6-11 anos). As respostas foram sujeitas a uma análise fatorial, por meio do método de componentes principais com rotação ortogonal varimax. RESULTADOS: Na amostra total, a estrutura fatorial resultou em três fatores que explicam 38,88% da variância total e que foram denominados: problemas de hiperatividade/conduta (Fator 1), ansiedade/depressão (Fator 2) e vadiagem/furto (Fator 3). A correlação entre os fatores 1 e 3 foi a mais elevada. As pontuações fatoriais foram significativamente mais elevadas nos rapazes do que nas raparigas e apresentaram uma relação inversa com a classe social e com o rendimento escolar. As estruturas fatoriais realizadas separadamente para rapazes e raparigas revelaram grandes similitudes. CONCLUSÕES: Os itens do Factor 1 parecem relacionar-se com o distúrbio hipercinético da conduta proposto pela Classificação Internacional de Doenças-10. Os resultados sugerem que a versão portuguesa do Questionário de Rutter para Professores apresenta parâmetros psicométricos adequados, podendo ser útil na avaliação dos problemas de comportamento das crianças.

22.	Pereira, A.T.; Maia, B.; Bos, S.C.; Soares, M.J.; Marques, M.; Macedo, A.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2008. "The Portuguese Short Form of the Eating Attitudes Test-40+", European Eating Disorders Review 16, 4: 319 - 325. Abstract To develop a Portuguese short form, the Eating Attitudes Test-40 (EAT-40) was administered to a community sample of 922 female students and to a clinical sample of 63 females suffering from an eating disorder. With the EAT responses of the community sample a factor analysis was performed and items with factor loadings¿=¿0.30 were selected. Internal consistency was computed for both the instrument and the factors. To study the discriminant capacity the proportion of symptomatic answers and the mean scores were compared between the clinical (N¿=¿63) and control (N¿=¿63) samples. Three factors were extracted: Drive for Thinness (14 items, a¿=¿.839), Bulimic Behaviours (8 items, a¿=¿.670), Social Pressure to Eat (3 items, a¿=¿.758). The short form is composed of 25 items and shows good internal consistency¿=¿0.839. Symptomatic answers for all items (except one) and total mean scores were significantly higher (p¿<¿.001) in the clinical sample than in community sample.

23.	Ruano, D.; Macedo, A.; Soares, M.J.; Valente, J.; Azevedo, M.H.; Hutz, M.H.; Gama, C.S.; Lobato, M.I.; Belmonte-de-Abreu, P.; Goodman, A.B.; Pato, C.N.; Saraiva, M.J.; Heutink, P.; Palha, J.A.. 2007. "Transthyretin: No Association Between Serum Levels or Gene Variants and Schizophrenia", Journal of Psychiatric Research 41, 8: 667 - 672. Abstract It has been proposed that schizophrenia results from an environmental insult in genetically predisposed individuals. Environmental factors capable of modulating transcriptional activity and their carriers could link the genetic and environmental components of schizophrenia. Among these is transthyretin (TTR), a major carrier of thyroid hormones and retinol-binding protein (RBP). Retinoids and thyroid hormones regulate the expression of several genes, both during development and in the adult brain. Decreased TTR levels have been reported in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with depression and Alzheimer’s disease, and the absence of TTR influences behavior in mice. DNA variants capable of altering TTR ability to carry its ligands, either due to reduced transcription of the gene or to structural modifications of the protein, may influence development of the central nervous system and behavior. In the present study we searched for variants in the regulatory and coding regions of the TTR gene, and measured circulating levels of TTR and RBP. We found a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), ss46566417, 18 bp upstream of exon 4. Neither this SNP nor the previously described rs1800458 were found associated with schizophrenia. In addition, serum TTR and RBP levels did not differ between mentally healthy and schizophrenic individuals. In conclusion, our data does not support an involvement of the TTR gene in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

24.	Ruano, D.; Macedo, A.; Soares, M.J.; Valente, J.; Azevedo, M.H.; Pato, C.N.; Hutz, M.H.; Gama, C.S.; Lobato, M.I.; Belmonte-de-Abreu, P.; Heutink, P.; Palha, J.A.. 2007. "Family-Based and Case-control Studies Reveal no Association Oflipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D2 Synthase with Schizophrenia", American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics 144, 5: 642 - 646. Abstract Several observations point to the involvement of disturbed lipid biology in schizophrenia. Reduced response to niacin flushing test, which involves vasodilatation induced by prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), is among the evidences, together with decreased CSF levels of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of PGD2 in the brain. Since PTGDS is also a carrier for lipophilic molecules such as retinoids and thyroid hormones, altered PTGDS levels might influence both PGD2-mediated signaling, and vitamin A and thyroid hormone availability. To test whether genetic variants of PTGDS are involved in the etiology of schizophrenia, we searched for variants in the coding and regulatory regions of the gene. We identified four previously described polymorphisms. Using two case-control samples from Portugal and Brazil, none of the polymorphisms tested was associated with the disease. In addition, no transmission distortion was observed in an independent parents-offspring sample from the Azorean Islands. Our data do not support the involvement of the PTGDS gene in the etiology of schizophrenia.

25.	Macedo, A.; Soares, M.J.; Azevedo, M.H.; Gomes, A.A.; Pereira, A.T.; Maia, B.; Pato, M.T.. 2007. "Perfectionism and Eating Attitudes in Portuguese University Students", European Eating Disorders Review 15, 4: 296 - 304. Abstract Objectives: The main objective was to explore which are the dimensions of perfectionism that are linked to disordered eating behaviour (EB) in a large non-clinical sample of both genders. Method: One thousand one hundred and sixty-three undergraduate students of the University of Coimbra completed the Portuguese versions of the multidimensional perfectionism scale (MPS) and the eating attitudes test (EAT-40). Results: In both genders, the MPS total score was associated with the EAT total score and all EAT dimensions (except for socially prescribed perfectionism in females). Self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) were associated with EAT total score, diet concerns (DC) and bulimic behaviour (BB) in females while in males the social prescribed perfectionism (SPP) was the useful predictor of EAT total score, BB and social pressure to eat (SPE). Conclusion: These results confirm that in general high levels of perfectionism are associated with abnormal EB. This was the case for both genders for SPP but for SOP for females only. The association for other oriented perfectionism (OOP) was greater for males than for females.

26.	Macedo, A.; Soares, M.J.; Maia, B.; Pereira, A.T.; Marques, M.; Bos, S.C.; Gomes, A.A.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2007. "Perfeccionismo e Psicopatologia", Psiquiatria Clínica 28, 2-3: 5 - 14.

27.	Cabral, A.S.; Macedo, A.; Valente, J.; Soares, M.J.; Vieira, D.N.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2007. "Perturbações Psicóticas e Conduta Criminal - Um Contributo Empírico", siquiatria Clínica 28, 2-3: 85 - 96.

28.	Maia, B.; Pereira, A.T.; Soares, M.J.; Bos, S.C.; Cabral, A.S.; Valente, J.; Pocinho, F.; Macedo, A.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2006. "Perfeccionismo e Perturbações do Espectro Obsessivo-Compulsivo - Resultados Preliminares.", Psiquiatria Clínica 27, 1: 63 - 69.

29.	Macedo, A.; Soares, M.J.; Gomes, A.A.; Marques, M.; Pereira, A.T.; Maia, B.; Bos, S.C.; Pato, M.T.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2006. "Comportamento alimentar e perfeccionismo", Psiquiatria Clínica 27, 4: 297 - 307.

30.	Pato, C.N.; Pato, M.T.; Kirby, A.; Petryshen, T.L.; Medeiros, H.; Carvalho, C.; Macedo, A.; Dourado, A.; Coelho, I.M.; Valente, J.; Soares, M.J.; Ferreira, C.P.; Lei, M.; Verner, A.; Hudson, T.J.; Morley, C.P.; Kennedy, J.L.; Azevedo, M.H.; Daly, M.J.; Sklar, P.. 2004. "Genome-Wide Scan in Portuguese Island Families Implicates Multiple Loci in Bipolar Disorder: Fine Mapping Adds Support on Chromosomes 6 and 11", American Journal of Medical Genetics 127, 1: 30 - 34. Abstract As part of an extensive study in the Portuguese Island population of families with multiple patients suffering from bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, we performed an initial genome-wide scan of 16 extended families with bipolar disorder that identified three regions on chromosomes 2, 11, and 19 with genome-wide suggestive linkage and several other regions, including chromosome 6q, also approached suggestive levels of significance. Dick et al. [2003: Am J Hum Genet 73:107-114] recently reported in a study of 250 families with bipolar disorder a maxLOD score of 3.61 near marker D6S1021 on chromosome 6q. This study replicates this finding having detected a peak NPL = 2.02 (P = 0.025) with the same marker D6S1021(104.7 Mb). Higher-density mapping provided additional support for loci on chromosome 6 including marker D6S1021 with an NPL = 2.59 (P = 0.0068) and peaking at marker D6S1639 (125 Mb) with an NPL = 3.06 (P = 0.0019). A similar pattern was detected with higher-density mapping of chromosome 11 with an NPL = 3.15 (P = 0.0014) at marker D11S1883 (63.1 Mb). Simulations at the density of our fine mapping data indicate that less than 1 scan out of 10 would find two such scores genome-wide in the same scan by chance. Our findings provide additional support for a susceptibility locus for bipolar disorder on 6q, as well as, suggesting the importance of denser scans.

31.	Ambrósio, A.M.; Kennedy, J.L.; Macciardi, F.; Coelho, I.M.; Soares, M.J.; Oliveira, C.R.; Pato, C.N.. 2004. "Lack of Association or Linkage Disequilibrium Between Schizophrenia and Polymorphisms in the 5-HT1D? and 5-HT1D? Autoreceptor Genes: Family-Based Association Study", American Journal of Medical Genetics 128, 1: 1 - 5. Abstract Genetic factors play a major role in the etiology of schizophrenia and disturbances of serotonergic pathways have been implicated in this disorder. The aim of the present study was to examine genetic association between schizophrenia and polymorphisms in the 5-HT1Da (TaqI) and 5-HT1Dß (T261G and G861C) autoreceptor genes in ninety trios from Portugal. No association or linkage disequilibrium was obtained between schizophrenia and 5-HT1Da and 5-HT1Dß autoreceptor genes with both haplotype relative risk (HRR) and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). Concerning 5-HT1Dß autoreceptor gene, also negative results was obtained in the analysis of the haplotypes with transmit. Thus, our data provide no support for the hypothesis that polymorphisms at 5-HT1Da (TaqI) and 5-HT1Dß (T261G and G861C) genes contributes to susceptibility to schizophrenia in the Portuguese population.

32.	Ruano, D.; Macedo, A.; Dourado, A.; Soares, M.J.; Valente, J.; Coelho, I.M.; Santos, V.; Azevedo, M.H.; Goodman, A.B.; Hutz, M.H.; Gama, C.S.; Lobato, M.I.; Belmonte-de-Abreu, P.; Palha, J.A.. 2004. "NR4A2 and Schizophrenia: Lack of Association in a Portuguese/Brazilian Study", American Journal of Medical Genetics 128, 1: 41 - 45. The present study investigates the association of mutations in the nuclear receptor NR4A2 in schizophrenic patients. The human Nur-related receptor 1, NR4A2, is an orphan nuclear receptor that can be constitutively active as a transcription factor and for which no natural ligand has yet been identified. Alone or with retinoid X receptor, RXR, NR4A2 influences the expression of several genes important for human brain development and regulation. In the absence of Nurr1 (the mouse homologue to human NR4A2), ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic mouse neurons evidence severe developmental failure, a condition that is lethal soon after birth. Nurr1 involvement in the dopaminergic system makes it a good candidate for study in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and Parkinson disease. Evidence by others support this hypothesis (1) mapping of the NR4A2 gene to chromosome 2q22-23, a region with suggestive linkage to schizophrenia and (2) identification of mutations in patients with schizophrenia (c.366-369delTAC, c.308A>G, c.-469delG),manic depression (c.289A> G),and familial Parkinson’s disease (c.-291delT, c.-245T>G). To further extend these observations, we searched for all these mutations in 176 Caucasian Portuguese and 82 Caucasian Brazilian subjects with lifetime diagnosis of schizophrenia. The study failed to identify any of the described mutations in patients or controls. Nevertheless, these negative results do not exclude altered expression of nuclear receptors in schizophrenia or the presence of other mutations.

33.	Middleton, F.A.; Pato, M.T.; Gentile, K.L.; Morley, C.P.; Zhao, X.; Eisener, A.F.; Brown, A.; Petryshen, T.L.; Kirby, A.N.; Medeiros, H.; Carvalho, C.; Macedo, A.; Dourado, A.; Coelho, I.M.; Valente, J.; Soares, M.J.; Ferreira, C.P.; Lei, M.; Azevedo, M.H.; Kennedy, J.L.; Daly, M.J.; Sklar, P.; Pato, C.N.. 2004. "Genomewide Linkage Analysis of Bipolar Disorder by Use of a High-Density Single-Nucleotide–Polymorphism (SNP) Genotyping Assay: A Comparison with Microsatellite Marker Assays and Finding of Significant Linkage to Chromosome 6q22", The American Journal of Human Genetics 74, 5: 886 - 897. Abstract We performed a linkage analysis on 25 extended multiplex Portuguese families segregating for bipolar disorder, by use of a high-density single-nucleotide–polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay, the GeneChip Human Mapping 10K Array (HMA10K). Of these families, 12 were used for a direct comparison of the HMA10K with the traditional 10-cM microsatellite marker set and the more dense 4-cM marker set. This comparative analysis indicated the presence of significant linkage peaks in the SNP assay in chromosomal regions characterized by poor coverage and low information content on the microsatellite assays. The HMA10K provided consistently high information and enhanced coverage throughout these regions. Across the entire genome, the HMA10K had an average information content of 0.842 with 0.21-Mb intermarker spacing. In the 12-family set, the HMA10K-based analysis detected two chromosomal regions with genomewide significant linkage on chromosomes 6q22 and 11p11; both regions had failed to meet this strict threshold with the microsatellite assays. The full 25-family collection further strengthened the findings on chromosome 6q22, achieving genomewide significance with a maximum nonparametric linkage (NPL) score of 4.20 and a maximum LOD score of 3.56 at position 125.8 Mb. In addition to this highly significant finding, several other regions of suggestive linkage have also been identified in the 25-family data set, including two regions on chromosome 2 (57 Mb, NPL = 2.98; 145 Mb, NPL = 3.09), as well as regions on chromosomes 4 (91 Mb, NPL = 2.97), 16 (20 Mb, NPL = 2.89), and 20 (60 Mb, NPL = 2.99). We conclude that at least some of the linkage peaks we have identified may have been largely undetected in previous whole-genome scans for bipolar disorder because of insufficient coverage or information content, particularly on chromosomes 6q22 and 11p11.

34.	Ambrósio, A.M.; Kennedy, J.L.; Macciardi, F.; Coelho, I.M.; Soares, M.J.; Oliveira, C.R.; Pato, M.T.; Pato, C.N.. 2004. "Nonparametric Linkage Analysis Between Schizophrenia & Candidate Genes Dopaminergic & Serotonergic Systems", CNS Spectrum 9, 4: 302 - 308. ABSTRACT Background: Alterations in dopaminergic and serotonergic systems have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia for many years. This study was performed to assess the possible involvement of the dopamine receptor genes D2 (DRD2), D3, D4, serotonin receptor genes 1Da, 1Dß, and 2A in the etiology of schizophrenia. Methods: We examined 33 multiplex schizophrenic families from Portugal. Results: Linkage analysis performed by GENEHUNTER showed nonsignificant linkage for these genes. A maximum nonparametric linkage score of 1.635 (P=.032) at DRD2 gene was observed, and this finding suggests DRD2 gene for further studies. Conclusion: the polymorphisms studied at dopamine receptor genes D3, D4, serotonin receptor genes 1Da, 1Dß, and 2A do not have a major effect in susceptibility to schizophrenia in a Portuguese population.

35.	Soares, M.J.; Macedo, A.; Gomes, A.A.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2004. "Versão Portuguesa do Teste de Atitudes Alimentares-40", Psiquiatria Clínica 25, 1: 5 - 19.

36.	Pereira, A.T.; Maia, B.; Cabral, A.S.; Bos, S.C.; Soares, M.J.; Macedo, A.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2004. "Distúrbios do Comportamento Alimentar no Sexo Masculino", Psiquiatria Clínica 26, 2: 83 - 96.

37.	Sklar, P.; Pato, M.T.; Kirby, A.; Petryshen, T.L.; Medeiros, H.; Carvalho, C.; Macedo, A.; Dourado, A.; Coelho, I.M.; Valente, J.; Soares, M.J.; Ferreira, C.P.; Lei, M.; Verner, A.; Hudson, T.J.; Morley, C.P.; Kennedy, J.L.; Azevedo, M.H.; Lander, E.; Daly, M.J.; Pato, C.N.. 2003. "Genome-Wide Scan in Portuguese Island Families Identifies 5q31–5q35 as a Susceptibility Locus for Schizophrenia and Psychosis", Molecular Psychiatry 9, 2: 213 - 218. Abstract Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder with a complex genetic etiology. To understand the genetic basis of this syndrome in Portuguese Island populations, we performed a genome-wide scan of 29 families with schizophrenia, which identified a single region on 5q31–5q35 with strong linkage (NPL=3.09, P=0.0012 at D5S820). Empirical simulations set a genome-wide threshold of NPL=3.10 for significant linkage. Additional support for this locus in schizophrenia comes from higher-density mapping and mapping of 11 additional families. The combined set of 40 families had a peak NPL=3.28 (P=0.00066) at markers D5S2112–D5S820. These data and previous linkage findings from other investigators provide strong and consistent evidence for this genomic region as a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia. Exploratory analyses of a novel phenotype, psychosis, in families with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder detected evidence for linkage to the same markers as found in schizophrenia (peak NPL=3.03, P=0.0012 at D5S820), suggesting that this locus may be responsible for the psychotic symptoms observed in both diseases.

38.	Soares, M.J.; Gomes, A.A.; Macedo, A.; Santos, V.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2003. "Escala Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo: Adaptação à População Portuguesa", Revista Portuguesa de Psicossomática 5, 1: 46 - 55. RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objectivo estudar as propriedades psicométricas da adaptação portuguesa da Escala Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo (EMP), com base nas versões original (Hewitt & Flett, 1991)(1) e na francófona (Labrecque et al., 1999)(2). A EMP é composta por um total de 45 items, distribuídos por três subescalas, que medem as componentes pessoal e social do perfeccionismo. A tradução portuguesa foi administrada a uma amostra de 943 estudantes universitários e um subgrupo (n=464) completou o reteste com um intervalo de 4 a 6 semanas. A análise da fidelidade mostrou um alfa de Cronbach de .885 e um coeficiente de Spearman-Brown de .847. As correlações item-total corrigido foram de .079 a .617, sendo superiores a .2 para a maior parte dos items. A correlação entre as pontuações totais teste-reteste foi de .854. Foi realizada a análise das componentes principais com a rotação varimax e, tendo por base a scree plot, foram extraídos três factores que explicam 33,18% da variância total. Os três factores correspondem às dimensões do perfeccionismo auto-orientado, socialmente prescrito e orientado para os outros. Concluindo, os resultados do estudo de fidelidade da versão portuguesa da EMP são adequados e a estrutura factorial obtida mostra uma sobreposição significativa com as versões inglesa e francófona.

39.	Macedo, A.; Dourado, A.; Valente, J.; Coelho, I.M.; Soares, M.J.; Santos, V.; Azevedo, M.H.. 2002. "Comportamento Suicida: Alguns aspectos Neurobiológicos", Psiquiatria Clínica 23, 1: 29 - 41.

40.	Valente, J.; Azevedo, M.H.; Macedo, A.; Dourado, A.; Coelho, I.M.; Soares, M.J.; Pato, C.N.; Pato, M.T.; Kennedy, J.L.. 2002. "Estrutura Dimensional dos Sintomas Esquizofrénicos com o Sistema OPCRIT", Psiquiatria Clínica 23, 2: 91 - 102.

41.	Valente, J.; Azevedo, M.H.; Macedo, A.; Dourado, A.; Coelho, I.M.; Soares, M.J.; Pato, C.N.; Pato, M.T.; Kennedy, J.L.. 2002. "Correlatos Clínicos do gene DRD4 em Doentes com Esquizofrenia", Psiquiatrica Clínica 23, 3: 175 - 186.

42.	Xu, J.; Pato, M.T.; Torre, C.D.; Medeiros, H.; Carvalho, C.; Basile, V.S.; Bauer, A.; Dourado, A.; Valente, J.; Soares, M.J.; Macedo, A.; Coelho, I.M.; Ferreira, C.P.; Azevedo, M.H.; Macciardi, F.; Kennedy, J.L.; Pato, C.N.. 2001. "Evidence for Linkage Disequilibrium Between the Alpha 7-Nicotinic Receptor Gene (CHRNA7) Locus and Schizophrenia in Azorean Families", American Journal of Medical Genetics 105, 8: 669 - 674. Abstract Recent studies have suggested that the alpha 7-nicotinic receptor gene (CHRNA7) may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The alpha 7-nicotinic receptor gene (CHRNA7) is involved in P50 auditory sensory gating deficits, and the genomic locus for this gene lies in the chromosome 15q13-14 regions. The human gene is partially duplicated (exons 5-10) with four novel upstream exons. The marker D15S1360 has been shown to be significantly linked with the phenotype of abnormal P50 suppression in schizophrenia families. The marker L76630 is 3 kb in the 3' direction from the last exon of the CHRNA7 gene and is located in the duplicated region. The function of the two L76630 copies is unknown. We genotyped three polymorphic markers D15S1360, D15S165, and L76630 that are localized in a genomic fragment containing the CHRNA7 in 31 Azorean schizophrenia families/trios (including 41 schizophrenia individuals and 97 unaffected families members). An overall analysis utilizing the family-based association test revealed significant linkage disequilibrium between L76630 and schizophrenia (P = 0.0004). Using the extended transmission disequilibrium test and limiting the analysis to one triad per family, transmission disequilibrium of D15S1360 was near significance (P = 0.078). The 15q13 region overlaps with the location of two well-known genomically imprinted disorders: Angelman syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome. Therefore, we investigated maternal and paternal meioses. We found significant transmission disequilibrium for D15S1360 through paternal transmission (P = 0.0006) in our schizophrenia families. The L76630 marker showed a significant disequilibrium in maternal transmissions (P = 0.028). No parent-of-origin effect was found in D15S165. Overall, our results suggest that the CHRNA7 may play a role in schizophrenia in these families. A parent of origin effect may be present and requires further study.

43.	Azevedo, M.H.; Macedo, A.; Dourado, A.; Valente, J.; Coelho, I.M.; Soares, M.J.. 2000. "Estudos de Genética Psiquiátrica: Uma Década de Actividades", Psiquiatria Clínica 21, 1: 13 - 22.

44.	Macedo, A.; Azevedo, M.H.; Coelho, I.M.; Dourado, A.; Valente, J.; Pato, M.T.; Soares, M.J.; Kennedy, J.L.. 1999. "Genetic Anticipation in Portuguese Families with Bipolar Mood Disorder.", CNS SPECTRUMS 4, 5: 25 - 31.

45.	Azevedo, M.H.; Soares, M.J.; Coelho, I.M.; Dourado, A.; Valente, J.; Macedo, A.; Pato, M.T.; Pato, C.N.. 1999. "Using Consensus OPCRIT Diagnoses. An Efficient Procedure for Best-Estimate Lifetime Diagnoses", The British Journal of Psychiatry 175, 2: 154 - 157. Abstract BACKGROUND The Operational Criteria Checklist (OPCRIT) generates diagnoses according to 12 operational diagnostic systems (e.g. DSM-III, DSM-III-R, Research Diagnostic Criteria, ICD-10). AIMS To examine the agreement between diagnoses generated by the OPCRIT, as completed by the interviewer, with a best-estimate lifetime procedure using the OPCRIT. METHOD Subjects came from large multi-generational bipolar or schizophrenia pedigrees (n = 100), and from a sample of unrelated subjects with schizophrenia (n = 40). We analysed the diagnostic agreement between OPCRIT diagnoses generated by the interviewer and our best-estimate OPCRIT diagnoses, according to DSM-III-R and ICD-10, using Cohen kappa statistics. RESULTS Excellent agreement was found between interviewer OPCRIT diagnoses and OPCRIT diagnoses made by the best-estimate lifetime consensus procedure for DSM-III-R (kappa = 0.83) and ICD-10 (kappa = 0.81). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that this procedure for diagnostic assessment is an efficient alternative to classic best-estimate diagnosis procedures.

46.	Macedo, A.; Azevedo, M.H.; Coelho, I.M.; Dourado, A.; Valente, J.; Soares, M.J.; Pato, M.T.; Pato, C.N.; Macciardi, F.. 1998. "Antecipação Genética: Um estudo em Famílias Portuguesas com Distúrbio Afectivo Bipolar", Psiquaitria Clínica 19, 3: 165 - 173.

47.	Soares, M.J.; Dourado, A.; Macedo, A.; Valente, J.; Coelho, I.M.; Azevedo, M.H.. 1997. "Estudo de Fidelidade da Lista de Critérios Operacionais Para Doenças Psicóticas", Psiquiatria Clínica 18, 1: 11 - 24.

Produção científica Scientific production

Total

Produção científica Scientific production

49

Livros e capítulos Books and book chapters

2

Capítulos de livros publicados Published book chapters

2

Artigos científicos em revistas Papers in periodics

47

Sem arbitragem científica Without scientific refereeing

47

	Ana Cardoso Allen Gomes
	Ana Telma Fernandes Pereira
	António João Ferreira de Macedo e Santos
	Berta Maria Marinho Rodrigues Maia