Cognitive Psychology

Resumen

Se profundiza la investigación en torno a la esferología de la intimidad, desarrollada por Sloterdijk en Esferas I: Los seres humanos agitados componen un concierto de vinculaciones convirtiéndose ellos mismos en operadores de múltiples influjos creadores en un universo altamente comunicativo. Se muestra cómo las discretas obsesiones telecomunicativas que habían llamado la atención de Freud hunden sus raíces en un pasado magológico de efectos participativos preverbales propios del “mesmerismo”. Como queda de manifiesto en la investigación que se presenta “la que retoma desarrollos anteriores” el texto no se escribió todo seguido, sino más bien de modo discontinuo y por reanudaciones (profundizaciones) sucesivas de algunos temas y la incorporación de nuevas perspectivas (autores) que enriquecen el fondo de la discusión y el conjunto de problemas antropológicos y telecomunicativos que se intenta re-pensar. Se incorporan en la presente investigación las perspectivas de Heidegger y Jean-Luc Nancy. En el caso de Heidegger se trata de una nota marginal sobre la doctrina del lugar existencial, así como el sentido espacial del Dasein.. Por su parte en J-L. Nancy se exploran sus aportes al concepto de coexistencia (de clara resonancia heideggeriana) expresado en su concepto del ser singular plural o del "ser-con" (mit-sein).

This submitted paper has been referred by 2 reviewers and accepted for the World Congress on Education (WCE-2019) at 06.02.2019.
Before a new drug is authorized for human use, the drug goes through a long procedure. They study their effects so that side effects and adverse consequences come to light. We are aware that sometimes business interests contradict the original goals of the medical profession. We can also forget to observe and test the real long-term effects. If we now look at Western societies, we see the implications of the hidden characteristics of the Western education system. If we look at real scientific criticism and discernment, we must realize that, in general, in terms of the form and content of the education system, at best, it lags behind the application of proven results of science. This lag has been centuries old. My suggestion is to review the communication theories used in the educational process, which is the basis for our approach to ourselves and our environment. Finally, this is the basis for self-knowledge. We adopted and handed over the dualistic, physicalist approach uncritically, and apply it in our conceptual framework in today's coaching approaches, psychology and communication theories, pedagogy. Even though attempts to solve the problems of dualism have repeatedly failed in succession. I encourage the reader to apply the already known and proven scientific results. And beliefs should be avoided. This performance is one of the first steps to presenting a new communication theory. A method that captures the fullness, opportunity, value and reality of every moment. In terms of its impact, it leads to Planet- friendly autonomous and responsible human behaviour, not to grow the GDP.fter the abstract, then begin the main text.

The present study examines the usage of imagined interactions (IIs) among bullying perpetrators and those who are bullied. In reviewing the literature on IIs, an earlier study investigated the motivations by aggressive teasers for using IIs. This study laid the foundation for the present study. We were interested in the similarities and differences between aggressive teasers usage of IIs and the usage of IIs for bullying. Based on a survey of 319 participants, we found that bullying was predicted by the II attributes of retroactivity and positive valence. The regression analysis revealed a positive association between being bullied and the II attribute of retroactivity and the function of conflict-linkage. The findings and implications of these results are discussed in terms of rumination.

O presente artigo problematiza a percepção de sons linguísticos não nativos segundo os preceitos de um dos mais influentes modelos de percepção difundidos na literatura em aquisição de segunda língua, o Perceptual Assimilation Model for Second Language Speech Learning (PAM-L2), desenvolvido por Catherine Best e Michael Tyler em 2007. Especificamente, vislumbra-se uma discussão sobre os aspectos cognitivos e filosóficos que envolvem a percepção de elementos fônicos não nativos segundo o referido modelo, em que se questiona o quão direto pode ser o evento perceptual a propósito da linguagem e de seu sistema de sons. Como alternativa ao referencial teórico original do PAM-L2, propõe-se uma nova caracterização dos aspectos cognitivos e filosóficos do modelo, a qual sugere que o evento perceptual seja amplamente licenciado por recursos cognitivos, alicerçados sobre as contribuições das neurociências e da psicologia cognitiva, e empreendido segundo as concepções filosóficas do realismo indireto.

A consideration of efforts, past and current, to explain religion naturalistically, including a range of cognitive-evolutionary approaches. Extended attention is given to *Religion Explained: The Evolutionary Origins of Religious Thought* (2001) by anthropologist Pascal Boyer and *Creation of the Sacred: Tracks of Biology in Early Religions*  (1998) by classicist Walter Burkert.

Aim is to review the literature and explain the association between anorexia nervosa and schizophrenia.
Anorexia nervosa, in its severe form with delusions and visual hallucinations about one´s own body, can be understood as monosymptomatic schizophrenia, which may develop in schizophrenia and represent its prodromal phase, it may evolve in the active phase of schizophrenia or it can be an independent entity (subtype of schizophrenia, therefore, the monosymptomatic schizophrenia).

Humans are vulnerable because of emotions and desires that can be used in an attempt to elicit a certain response.

Manipulation: saying or doing things to get one's way by inducing fear, anger, guilt, sadness, emptiness, low self-worth, despair, or some other painful emotion, or even desire.

Previous studies on cognitive load model have been entirely theoretical and there are no empirical studies currently that have been carried out to test the hypotheses in these theoretical models. Therefore, this study is aimed at proving Choi’s cognitive load model using empirical data. The empirical data was collected in a foreign language-learning environment. The research questionnaire was extracted from the work design questionnaire, learning process questionnaire, mental effort, intrinsic load, extraneous load and germane load scales and was administered to foreign students in Indonesia (N=191). Descriptive statistics showed the foreign students’ Indonesian language proficiency (mean = 4.76 and standard deviation = 2.594) and English proficiency (mean =7.72 and standard deviation =1.732). Foreign students have good fluency in English language as compared to Bahasa Indonesia. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS was carried out and the researcher found out that there is a significant relationship between physical environment and learner characteristics, physical environment and lecture characteristics, lecture characteristics and learner characteristics and finally lecture characteristics and cognitive load. The researcher also carried out bivariate correlation analysis using SPSS to determine the relationships between cognitive load factors, physical environment, lecture characteristics, and learner characteristics. The researcher found out that learning in Bahasa Indonesia demotivates students, whilst learning in English (which the foreign students are fluent in) encourages investment of germane load, which is good for learning. Also, the ergonomic condition of the classroom influences the extent at which students invest in mental effort and germane load in learning. In conclusion, our results support the cognitive load theory and we recommend more empirical studies be carried out to enhance our understanding of the cognitive load theory.

RESUMEN
La imagen fotográfica es dramática por su lucha entre la voluntad del sujeto de imponer un orden, una visión, y la voluntad del objeto de imponerse en su discontinuidad y su inmediatez.
La fotografía explica el estado del mundo en nuestra ausencia. El objetivo de la cámara explora esta ausencia. El patetismo de esta imagen es la de un universo de la que se ha retirado el sujeto.
El sujeto no es más que el agente de la aparición irónica de las cosas, el actuario de su puesta en escena. La imagen es, por excelencia, el médium de la publicidad gigantesca que se hace el mundo, que se hacen los objetos, forzando a nuestra imaginación a borrarse, a nuestras pasiones a extrovertirse, rompiendo el espejo que le ofrecíamos para capturarlas.
El mundo se sostiene así en la fragilidad de una mirada fragmentada por los tiempos de exposición con los que el obturador ralentiza nuestra espectralidad.
Coleccionar fotografías es coleccionar el mundo. Las fotografías son una fragmentación de la vida, un modo de captura, de congelar o detener el flujo experiencial, el transcurrir vital, en su radical continuidad. La cámara, por su parte, es el arma ideal para esta captura, es el ejercicio ortopédico de la conciencia en su afán adquisitivo.
La fotografía y su registro fragmentario, como el narrador proustiano, interroga el gesto, para intentar ver —precisamente— aquello que el obturador no pudo registrar, y lo introduce en la dimensión del recuerdo fundido en los intersticios del secreto, hasta que nuestra vista se nuble por última vez y nuestra conciencia se esfume en un último fundido a negro.

Background: Epileptic seizures have destructive effects on the brain, because they intervene in healthy
and normal brain processes, and create interference at different stages of memory and cause malfunction
in its performance and function, especially in the early years of life. The purpose of this study was to
investigate memory as one of the important areas of cognition in patients with epilepsy.
Methods: In this causal-comparative study, the subjects consisted of 52 children of 8 to 14 years of age
with epilepsy. Among them, 15, 16, and 15 patients had parietal lobe epilepsy, temporal lobe epilepsy,
and frontal lobe epilepsy, respectively. The participants were selected among the patients referring to the
clinic of a neurologist. Rey-Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF) test was used to assess visual memory.
Results: The visual memory scores in the epilepsy group were lower than the healthy group and the
difference between the two groups was significant (t = 33.76, df = 103, P < 0.001). No significant
difference was obtained between the three epilepsy groups in terms of visual memory scores
(f = 1.6, df = 2, P < 0.212). In the present research, no significant difference was observed in visual
memory between the three epilepsy groups.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that patients with epilepsy have impaired visual memory.
Keywords: Epilepsy, Visual memory, Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test