1. Marine Botany:
1.1. Biology and diversity of algae;
1.2. Structure of algae, taxonomy and classification;
1.3. Biotechnological applications of photosyntetic organisms.
2. Marine Zoology:
2.1. Biology and diversity of the main groups of marine fauna;
2.2. Invertebrates;
2.2.1. Sponges;
2.2.2. Cnidaria and Ctenophora;
2.2.3. Molluscs;
2.2.4. Annelids;
2.2.5. Arthropods;
2.2.6. Echinoderms;
2.3. Chordata;
2.3.1. Urochordats;
2.3.2. Cephalochordats;
2.3.3. Vertebrates;
2.3.3.1. Fishes
2.3.3.2. Amphibians
2.3.3.3. Reptiles
2.3.3.4. Birds
2.3.3.5. Mammals
2.4. Biotechnological applications and potentialities of marine fauna

1- Bioreactors
a. The importance of bioreactors in marine biotechnology
b. Revisions: kinetics of microbial growth, product formation and substrate consumption and mass balances
c. Heat transfer and sterilization
d. Measurement and main variables of control of a bioprocess
e. Geometries and modes of bioreactor operation
f. Bioreactors of non mechanical agitation
g. Scale-Up
h. Scale-Down
i. Innovation in bioreactors and case studies: marine applications.
2- Biocatalysis
a. Biocatalysis and biocatalysts – General properties and application examples.
b. Enzyme kinetics – mechanisms, effect of temperature and pH, inhibition.
c. Kinetics in multiphase systems.
d. Enzymes and whole cell biocatalysts.
e. Immobilization of biocatalysts.
f. Biocatalysis in non-conventional media.
g. Innovation in biocatalysis and case studies – biocatalysts of marine origin.

S1 Introduction to the separation and recovery processes of biomolecules.
S2. General criteria for the selection of separation and recovery processes.
S3. Methods for cell disruption, filtration and centrifugation.
S4. Chromatographic and membrane based bioseparation methods.
S5. Methods of extraction, precipitation, crystallization and drying. S6. Process integration and scale up.

1. Metabolic pathways common to all living organisms;
2. Enzyme kinetics, regulation models and balance of the metabolic pathways;
3. Catabolism of amino acids;
4. Lipid biosynthesis;
5. Biosynthesis of active compounds (eg terpenoids) with high biotechnological value in marine organisms.

P1. Common molecular biology techniques.
1.1 Isolation and purification of nucleic acids. Enzymatic manipulation of DNA.
1.2 Analysis of proteins.
1.3 Expression of proteins.
1.4 Bioinformatics.
P2. Microbiological Techniques
2.1 Microbial diversity in the marine environment
2.2 Isolation, identification, growth and study of metabolic and physiological diversity of microorganisms
2.3. Phenotypic alternative methodologies in marine microbiology.
P3. Characterization techniques used in Physical Chemistry.
3.1 Isolation and purification of polysaccharides in seaweed;
3.2 Characterization of polysaccharides by FT-IR;
3.3 Characterization of solutions of polysaccharides by viscometry.

1. Biodiversity in marine and coastal ecosystems.
2. Commercial marine bioproducts.
3. Screening for novel metabolites.
4. Compounds and molecules of marine origin:
4.1 Anti-tumural agents;
4.2 anti-fungal and anti-microbial agents;
4.3 Anti-inflammatory compounds;
4.4 Enzymes;
4.5 Essential Oils.
5. Biomarkers:
5.1 Metabolism and modes of action;
5.2 Biomarkers;
5.2.1 Biomarkers of neurotoxicity;
5.2.2 Biomarkers of oxidative stress;
5.2.3 Biomarkers of detoxification;
5.2.4 Biomarkers of genotoxicity;
5.2.5 Energetic biomarkers;
5.2.6 Fatty acid profile.
6. “Omic” technologies:
6.1 Introduction to genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and integromics;
6.2 Application of genomics in biotechnology;
6.3 Application of proteomics in biotechnology.

• 2009208 – Biomaterials and Biosensors
  

  Biomaterials
  – Biomaterials and Biological materials, (BM)
  Definitions and Classification
  Polymers and composites
  – Biomaterials from marine origin, (BOM)
  Quitin e quitosan, Collagen, Alginates, Carrageen’s, Biosílics
  Other polymers from marine origin
  Biosensors
  – Biosensor types (BS)
  – Materials e detection techniques and biosensor examples (MB)
  – Health, environment and marine applications for biosensors (AB)

• 2009209 – Seminars on Bio-Entrepreneurship
  
  1. Entrepreneurship:

  1.1. From idea to business
  1.2. Preliminary Feasibility Study
  1.3. And financing options available
  1.4. Technology-based entrepreneurship

  2. Biotechnology globally:

  2.1. The Biotechnology Cluster
  2.2. The Cluster of marine resources
  2.3. Networks of Bioentrepreneurship
  2.4. Networks of innovation in biotechnology

  3. Strategic thinking Bioentrepreneurship

  3.1. Perception of opportunity
  3.2. Aggregation of intellectual capital
  3.3. Human and technological capital
  3.4. Economic and financial capital

  4. Leverage business opportunities:

  4.1. Synergies and strategic alliances
  4.2. Spin-Offs and the importance of linking the academia and industry
  4.3. Legal aspects and support the biotechnology industry and marine resources
  5.Business valuation and analysis of investment projects in the field of Biotechnology.
  6. Case-studies

• 1. Importance of biotechnology in aquaculture and in its economy.
  2. Inbreeding and genetic variability in aquaculture.
  3. Population Genetics: hybridisation and breeding, selection, mutations and genetic drift.
  4. Polyploidy in aquatic species.
  5. Application of genetic engineering in aquaculture: DNA construct, methods of gene transfer into fish;2009210 – Biotechnology in Aquaculture detection of integration and transgene expression, results of genetic engineering technology in fish, the regulation of GMO; ethical aspects.
  6. Genetic markers to identify phenotypic characteristics in aquaculture
  7. DNA vaccines and their use in aquaculture.
  8. Molecular tools for diagnosis of viral and bacterial diseases.
  9. Use of probiotics in aquaculture.
  10. Biotechnology algae culture methods microalgae, SCP, vitamins, minerals and fatty acids microalgae
  
  
• 2009211 – Pharmaceutical Applications
• 2009212 – Food Applications
• 2009213 – Cell and Tissue Culture

A. Pollutants, contaminants and environmental risks in the marine environment.
B. Requirements for pollutant degradation.
C. Methods of pollution treat.
D. Abiotic processes in the degradation of pollutants.
E. Marine organisms in bioremediation process
a. microorganisms
b. algae
F. Bioremediation technologies
a. in situ b. ex situ